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Mount Kinabalu ((マレー語:Gunung Kinabalu)) is a prominent mountain on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It is located in the East Malaysian state of Sabah and is protected as Kinabalu Park, a World Heritage Site. Kinabalu is the highest peak in Borneo's Crocker Range and is the highest mountain in the Malay Archipelago as well as the highest mountain in Malaysia.〔Given the definition of the Malay Archipelago excluding New Guinea, where about 22 mountains exceed 4100 m.〕 Mount Kinabalu is also the 20th most prominent mountain in the world by topographic prominence.〔("World Top 50 Most Prominent Peaks" ) Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2011-11-21.〕 In 1997, a re-survey using satellite technology established its summit (known as Low's Peak) height at above sea level, which is some less than the previously thought and hitherto published figure of .〔Phillipps, A. & F. Liew 2000. ''Globetrotter Visitor's Guide – Kinabalu Park''. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd.〕 Mount Kinabalu includes the Kinabalu montane alpine meadows ecoregion in the montane grasslands and shrublands biome. The mountain and its surroundings are among the most important biological sites in the world, with between 5,000 and 6,000 species of plants, 326 species of birds, and more than 100 mammalian species identified. Among this rich collection of wildlife are famous species such as the gigantic ''Rafflesia'' plants and the orangutan. Mount Kinabalu has been accorded UNESCO World Heritage status.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mount Kinabalu - revered abode of the dead )〕 Low's Peak can be climbed quite easily by a person in good physical condition and there is no need for mountaineering equipment at any point on the main route.〔Richmond, S. (2010). (Mt Kinabalu & Kinabalu National Park ). In: ''Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei''. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1741048877. pp. 357–364.〕 Other peaks along the massif, however, require rock climbing skills. ==Biology== Mount Kinabalu along with other upland areas of the Crocker Range is known worldwide for its botanical and biological species biodiversity with plants of Himalayan, Australasian, and Indomalayan origin. A recent botanical survey of the mountain estimated a staggering 5,000 to 6,000 plant species (excluding mosses and liverworts but including ferns),〔〔Parris, By. S., R. S. Beaman, and J. H. Beaman. 1992. ''The Plants of Mount Kinabalu: 1. Ferns and Fern Allies.'' Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. 165 pp + 5 pl.〕〔Wood, J. J., J. H. Beaman, and R. S. Beaman. 1993. ''The Plants of Mount Kinabalu. 2. Orchids.'' Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. xii + 411 pp + 84 pl.〕〔Beaman, J. H., and R. S. Beaman. 1998. ''The Plants of Mount Kinabalu. 3. Gymnosperms and Non-Orchid Monocotyledons.'' Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.; Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. xii + 220 pp + 25 pl.〕〔Beaman, J. H., C. Anderson, and R. S. Beaman. 2001. ''The plants of Mount Kinabalu. 4: Dicotyledon families Acanthaceae to Lythraceae.'' xiv + 570 pp + 45 pl. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.; Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.〕〔Beaman, J. H., and C. Anderson. 2004. ''The plants of Mount Kinabalu. 5: Dicotyledon families Magnoliaceae to Winteraceae.'' xiv + 609 pp + 40 pl. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.; Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens.〕 which is more than all of Europe and North America (excluding tropical regions of Mexico) combined. It is therefore one of the world's most important biological sites. In 2015, a major Malaysian-Dutch study showed that the unique flora, fauna, and fungi on the mountain summit are younger than the mountain itself, and have evolved from both local and distant montane ancestors.〔Merckx, V. S. F. T., Hendriks, K. P., Beentjes, K. K., Mennes, C. B., Becking, L. E., Peijnenburg, K. T. C. A., Afendy, A., Arumugam, N., de Boer, H., Biun, A., Buang, M. M., Chen, P.-P., Chung, A. Y. C., Dow, R., Feijen, F. A. A., Feijen, H., Feijen-van Soest, C, Geml, J., Geurts, R., Gravendeel, B., Hovenkamp, P., Imbun, P., Ipor, I., Janssens, S. B., Jocqué, M., Kappes, H., Khoo, E., Koomen, P., Lens, F., Majapun, R. J., Morgado, L. N., Neupane, S., Nieser, N., Pereira, J. T., Rahman, H., Sabran, S., Sawang, A., Schwallier, R. M., Shim, P.-S., Smit, H., Sol, N., Spait, M., Stech, M., Stokvis, F., Sugau, J. B., Suleiman, M., Sumail, S., Thomas, D. C., van Tol, J., Tuh, F. Y. Y., Yahya, B. E., Nais, J., Repin, R., Lakim, M. & Schilthuizen, M., 2015. Evolution of endemism on a young tropical mountain. Nature, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14949.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mount Kinabalu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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